Comment:
(A) Briefly (1-2 pages) critically appraise Youngs SRV Matrix. If you were to devise your own typology of SRV, what would it look like and how many cells would be involved (does it work Why or why not Critique the SRV matrix pros cons)
(B) Take one substantive aspect of SRV, situate it thoughtfully within Youngs SRV Matrix, and provide a sociological account of its genesis, its manifestations and its implications for society. Provide lots of concrete details facts, figures, episodes, etc. Which sociological theory/perspective is most useful in explaining your SRV topic and why
i have uploaded 3 file, one including the VERY detailed guideline. it is IMPORTANT to Refer material from the book SPORT, VIOLENCE, & SOCIETY- Kevin Young)(ex.eating disorders -pg 74-5, 115, 167 , & BETTER ANGELS OF OUR NATURE book-Steven Pinker
Term Paper (Long Essay) Instructions- Eating Disorders and Sports
QUESTION:
(A) Briefly (1-2 pages) critically appraise Youngs SRV Matrix. If you were to devise your own typology of SRV, what would it look like and how many cells would be involved (does it work Why or why not Critique the SRV matrix pros cons)
(B) Take one substantive aspect of SRV, situate it thoughtfully within Youngs SRV Matrix, and provide a sociological account of its genesis, its manifestations and its implications for society. Provide lots of concrete details facts, figures, episodes, etc. Which sociological theory/perspective is most useful in explaining your SRV topic and why
______________________________________________________________________________________
Value
(60% of overall mark, as agreed with instructor).
Required Number of Cited and Used Sources
At least 8 academic sources must be used and cited. However, since you are to use concrete examples (these will likely come from media sources), you will ultimately cite far more than the basic minimum number of sources.
***Be sure to Reference from
SPORT, VIOLENCE, AND SOCIETY (By Kevin Young)
o pages for help 74-5, 115, 167)
and BETTER ANGELS OF OUR NATURE book (Steven Pinker) *****
https://casapalmera.com/the-scary-truth-behind-athletes-and-eating-disorders/
MORE DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS / TIPS / SUGGESTIONS
A cover page should include:
Student name, number and your own creative/sociological title.
Introduce the theoretical approach you plan to take in explaining your topic and the argument you want to make — e.g., frustration-aggression theory, collective behaviour theories, conflict theory, labelling theory, figurational sociology, feminism, Foucault, Bourdieu, etc. Although you may use two theories in a comparative way, do not use more than two. One theory/approach will normally suffice. Whose work seems important to you and why Cite this work.
Your cited and implemented academic sources may include journal articles, books, book chapters, etc., but I do not want media sources such as magazine articles or newspaper stories used as principal sources. All sources used should be cited fully and correctly at the end in an alphabetized list of references. Of course, your examples may well come from media sources and these can be used for this purpose (as many as you like), but they are extra to the required 8 academic sources.
This assignment will assume the form of a critical essay/literature review; no fieldwork methods such as interviews, surveys or participant observation are allowed.
Attach at the end of your Essay one sheet of paper that lists in chronological order a summary of the best 5 (FIVE) examples of the SRV Cell you investigate, titled and formatted something like below. DO NOT use the same examples as found in the instructors book.
Examples of SRV Cell 6: Violence Against the Self
1. February, 1982: Reacting to being constantly tormented by thoughts about food that her sport involvement prevented her from enjoying, former distance runner for the University of Georgetown, Mary Wazeter, attempted to commit suicide by jumping off a bridge, leaving her paralyzed (Noden 1994).
2. July, 1994: US Olympic gymnast, Christy Henrich, died from heart complications resulting from years of battling anorexia nervosa. As she entered hospital for the last time, Henrich did so with a suitcase concealing laxatives and other drugs. This high-profile tragedy resulting from a widely recognized problem in gymnastics prompted the International Olympic Committee to form a task force to deal with the prevalence of eating disorders among elite male and female athletes (Noden 1994). Henrichs story is captured in the video, Dying to Win (1995).
3. 2005: Retired athlete, Jose Canseco, released a biography on his life as a professional baseball player and avid steroid user. The book detailed Cansecos experiences using steroids to gain a competitive edge, and explains how he introduced steroids to many other players, including such baseball luminaries as Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa, both of whom subsequently vehemently denied using performance enhancing drugs (Canseco 2005).
4. A substantial academic, biographical, and journalistic literature continues to record the risks of extreme sports, such as climbing the worlds highest and most dangerous mountains. Poignant book titles such as Into Thin Air (Krakauer 1997), Deep Survival: Who Lives, Who Dies, and Why (Gonzales 2003), and High Crimes: The Fate of Everest in an Age of Greed (Kodas 2008) hint not only at the excessive chances athletes take regarding their own lives, but how their risks cannot be separated from cultures of greed and selfishness in extreme sports, which often result in tragedy and enduring losses to families and loved ones.
5. A 5th and final example
EXACT REFERENCES
For help with literature and research, consider the following:
Library holdings in the Mainstream Sociology and Criminology/Deviance areas (journals such as: Canadian Journal of Sociology, Canadian Journal of Criminology, Canadian Journal of Law and Society, Journal of Human Justice, Victimology, Deviant Behavior, Law and Society Review, International Journal for the Sociology of Law, British Journal of Criminology, Child Abuse and Neglect, Journal of Family Violence, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Youth and Society, etc.)
(i) Course books; (ii) the Bibliography in Sport, Violence and Society is exhaustive and thus useful; (iii) Library holdings in the Sociology of Sport area (journals such as Sociology of Sport Journal, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, etc.); (iv) a list of Additional Sources posted on Blackboard; (v) other sources students creatively investigate.
Finally
Paginate your essay (i.e., use page numbers)
Quotations over 4 lines long used in the text should be single spaced and indented
Your citations should be referenced correctly as discussed in class (e.g., Smith, 1999)
Direct quotations should also be cited correctly and exactly (e.g., Smith, 1999: 43)
Only cite references that you use in a serious way; simply padding for effect will be noted and will not draw extra marks
Check your grammar and spelling: EDIT, EDIT, EDIT, and take pride in your work.
Ensure that you use sociological concepts/ideas/theories accurately and appropriately
Focus on trying to implement the language, themes and orientation of the course
EVALUATION CRITERIA
A Paper
Comprehensive and detailed knowledge
Excellent sociological understanding and illustration of the topic and its significance
Very strong evidence of a range of viewpoints; their strengths and limitations are clear
Sharp and perceptive analysis
Correct length; excellent layout and flow
Concise, literate and academic in style
Fully integrated references
Full and effective bibliography
B Paper
A sound knowledge but not in all areas
Good sociological understanding and fair illustration of the topic and its significance
Good evidence of argument and alternative viewpoints
Viewpoints clearly expressed
Constructive analysis
Correct length; good layout and flow
Clear expression
Good use of references
Bibliography presented well; few errors.
C Paper
Broad awareness of the topic but gaps in sociological knowledge
Reasonable illustration and application of course ideas to the topic selected
Views of others not always recognized
Own views expressed in a satisfactory way
Some analysis
More or less correct length, more or less conforms to instructions
Somewhat consistent and logical
Relatively clear expression
Repetition and contains errors
Incomplete bibliography; contains errors
D Paper
Some relevant knowledge but generally superficial
Limited awareness of sociological significance
Own views offered but not coherently
Alternative views not recognized or understood
Problems with length, presentation, grammar, etc.
Bibliographic problems
Mistakes and inaccuracies
Weak in general
F Paper
Poor knowledge of topic and very limited evidence of sociological understanding/effort
Superficial analysis
Descriptive and little/no explanation
Serious problems with length, presentation, grammar, etc.
Mistakes across the board
Bibliographic problems
Unacceptable effort/work at this level
The Socio-Genesis of SRV:
A Return to Sociology
Kevin Young
Context I
University of Leicester, UK
(Football Hooliganism, Norbert Elias, Eric Dunning)
Uni- or multi-dimensional SRV
Global SRV
Whats changed in sport/society (Elias, Civilization)
Which dimensions of SRV have been studied
Which dimensions of SRV have been left out
Context II
Violent fans
Violent players
Masculinity-femininity
Role of animals
Subcultures
Terrorism
Policing & security
Media
Risk, pain & injury
Litigation
Hazing
Identities, power & privilege
What is SRV
(a) direct acts of physical violence contained within or
outside the rules of the game that result in injury to
persons, animals, or property, and
(b) harmful or potentially harmful acts conducted in the
context of sport that threaten or produce injury or that
violate human justices and civil liberties.
FORMATIONS OF SRV
1. Player Violence 2. Crowd Violence
3. Individualized
Fan-Player Violence
4. Player Violence
away from the Game
5. Athletes & Street Crimes 6. Violence against the Self
7. Initiation / Hazing 8. Harassment, Stalking & Threat
9. Sexual Assault 10. Partner Abuse &
Domestic Violence
11. Offences by Coaches, Administrators &
Medical Staff
12. Parental Abuse
13. Sexism / Racism 14. Other Identity Violence
15. Animal Abuse 16. Political Violence / Terrorism
17. Offences against Workers & the Public 18. Offences against the Environment
Formations of Sports-Related Violence
A linear view of the
subject matter
CONTEXT ZONE
ACTION
ZONE
POWER
HISTORY CULTURE
Gender /
Sexuality
Age
Biology/
Genetics
Religion
Emotion
Geography/
Population
Media
Race/Ethnicity
Economy/S
ocial Class
Education/
SES
Politics
Law
Science/
Technology
Family
Player violence
Crowd
violence Individualized
fan-player violence
Athletes &
street crimes
Player violence
away from the game
Initiation & hazing Harassment,
stalking & threat
Offences by coaches,
administrators & medical staff
Sexism / racism Other identity violence
Animal abuse
Offences against
workers & the public
Offences
against the
environment
Political violence /
terrorism
Parental abuse
Partner abuse/
domestic violence
Sexual Assault
Violence
against the self
The SRV Wheel
Thinking Relationally (SOCIOLOGICALLY) about SRV
1. Player Violence 2. Crowd Violence
3. Individualized
Fan-Player Violence
4. Player Violence
away from the Game
5. Athletes & Street Crimes 6. Violence against the Self
7. Initiation / Hazing 8. Harassment, Stalking & Threat
9. Sexual Assault 10. Partner Abuse &
Domestic Violence
11. Offences by Coaches, Administrators &
Medical Staff
12. Parental Abuse
13. Sexism / Racism 14. Other Identity Violence
15. Animal Abuse 16. Political Violence / Terrorism
17. Offences against Workers & the Public 18. Offences against the Environment
Formations of Sports-Related Violence
Examples:
College hazing
(4, 5, 7, 9, 17, 11)
Gymnast eating disorder (6,
11, 12)
IOC bomb
(2, 5, 16, 17, 18)
NHL Post-event riot
(2, 5, 17, 9)
Lance Armstrong
(4, 5, 6, 8,11,17)
An Eye on SRV:
The Role of the Media
Active vs. passive media
Legitimation & de-legitimation
Journalistic rules of relevance
Actuality news
Economic & time constraints
Professional ethics & public responsibility
A Masculinist occupational culture
A new media-public interface
Towards a more responsible media
Learning lessons: Once bitten, twice shy
Stratified SRV: Stasis & Change
If there is one unique feature that sets war apart from all other
sociological phenomena, this must be its staggering gender
asymmetry
Sinisa Malesevic, Sociology, UCD, 2010
SRV & Gender Explanations
(1) Player Violence a Proving Ground
Eric Dunning: Badge of Honour
Mike Messner & Don Sabo: Pain Principle
Joe Dubbert: Masculinity Validation
Bob (Raewyn) Connell: Hegemonic Masculinity
2) Role of Legal Authorities
What the case law indicates
EFFECTS 1. Sports leagues/clubs carte blanche
2. Consolidate notions of hegemonic masculinity
SRV & Gender Rites
The Counterproductive Menace of Masculinity
Men victimizing women
Men victimizing men
Outcomes of Sport Machismo: A Graveyard of Broken Men
How do Females Fit In
Conclusion I:
An Elusive Subject Matter
Trust & fear: gag orders & subcultural codes
NA SCD
Hazing
Athletes blowing whistles (the code)
Animal sports (Goffmanian front & back regions)
Into the den of the (shell-shocked) dinosaur
Conclusion II:
Reasons to Feel Pessimistic
Integrity of sport
Power & greed
Hubris & entitlement of players
Pandering of fans, media, authorities & courts
Tokenistic policing
Elasticity of sport
Decivilizing Spurts & Thresholds of Repugnance
Conclusion III:
Reasons to Feel Optimistic
A more circumspect, accountable, transparent & responsible
sport
Public dialogue & changes to top-down media
Fan opposition
Legal intervention & sustainable justice
Thoughtful & inclusive jurisdictional changes
Leisure choices
Civilizing trends & Thresholds of Repugnance
Soci 425
Sociology of Violence
Objectives of 425 Classes Overall
Definitional/conceptual introduction to AVV
Application to sport
SRV matrix and discussion
Research snapshots of SRV
Group presentations
Bring the course back to the central subject matter
Sequence of Classes on Aggression, Violence &
Victimization (AVV)
Definitional, conceptual
Appreciate complexity of AVV
Apply to various assignments
Help negotiate each matrix cell
Avoid taken-for-granted thinking re. sports violence
(henceforth SRV)
SUGGESTED READING SEQUENCE
INTRO CLASSES on AVV:
Pinker: Chapters 1, 2, 3, 9 & 10
Young: Preface & Chapters 1, 4, 6 & 8
SUBSEQUENT CLASSES:
Remainder of Pinker & Young (see assignment
guidelines)
Students are encouraged to couch their assignments as
much as possible in the 2 assigned texts
From Sports Violence to SRV
Direct acts of physical
violence that may result
in injury to persons or
property
Harmful or potentially
harmful acts in the
context of sport that
threaten or produce
injury or violate human
justices and civil
liberties
Formations of SRV
1. Crowd Violence 2. Player Violence
3. Individualized
Fan-Player Violence
4. Player Violence
away from the Game
5. Dangerous Masculinities /
Street Crimes
6. Women, Aggression & Violence
7. Violence against the Self 8. Athlete Hazing / Initiation
9. Harassment, Stalking & Threat 10. Sexual Assault against Adults & Children
11. Partner Abuse 12. Offences by Coaches / Administrators
13. Parental Abuse 14. Blood & Animal Sports
15. Political Violence / Terrorism 16. Racism
17. Crimes against Workers & the Public 18. Crimes against the Environment
An earlier typology
A linear view of the
subject
CONTEXT ZONE
ACTION
ZONE
POWER
HISTORY CULTURE
Gender /
Sexuality
Age
Biology/
Genetics
Religion
Emotion
Geography/
Population
Media
Race/
Ethnicity
Economy/
Social Class
Education/
SES
Politics
Law
Science/
Technology
Family
Player violence
Crowd
violence Individualized
fan-player violence
Athletes &
street crimes
Player violence
away from the game
Initiation & hazing Harassment,
stalking & threat
Offences by coaches,
administrators & medical staff
Sexism / racism Other identity violence
Animal abuse
Offences against
workers & the public
Offences
against the
environment
Political violence /
terrorism
Parental abuse
Partner abuse/
domestic violence
Sexual Assault
Violence
against the self
The SRV Wheel
Aggression, Violence & Victimization
A Heads-Up: Hidden 10 Concepts
1. Aggression, Violence & Victimization
2. SRV
3. Hegemony
4. Power & Authority
5. Culture & Ideology
6. Civility & Equality
7. Structure
8. Process
9. Agency
10. Change
Aggression, Violence, Victimization
Oxford Dictionary of Current English definitions:
Aggression: Unprovoked attack, hostile attack
Aggressive: Openly hostile, forceful, offensive
Aggressor: One who makes unprovoked attack
Violence: Extreme physical force
Violent: (Unlawful) use of physical force, outrage
Victim: Person or thing injured, damaged, killed or destroyed
Victimize: To hurt, to single out for punishment or discrimination
Place a label on the following (sports-related) actions:
2 hockey players check each other hard at mid-ice
2 hockey players exchange punches
The Marty McSorley / Todd Bertuzzi incidents
Fox hunting (where hounds hunt and kill the fox)
Post-event /celebration rioting (overturning cars,
burning telephone kiosks, vandalism, etc. )
Chanting, swearing, threatening & other crowd rituals
Place a label on the following (non-sport) actions:
Person-to-person argument
2 drivers in separate cars gesticulating (road rage)
Bullying
Rape
Street death (barroom brawl, gang shooting)
Death by State (capital punishment)
Killing by soldiers
Traffic / occupational injury / death
Pollution, damage to flora and fauna
Q: Are these acts of aggression or violence
Q: What is the main goal & intent of the actions
Q: Are there victims; is there any victimization
Q: Deviance, crime and victimization at UofC.
Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explaining Aggression / Violence
Multiple definitions (disciplinary parameters and conventions)
Biological, instinctual, psychological, social/sociological
Early thinking: e.g., philosopher Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan,
1651):
People are violent by nature
Avoid war of all against all using ingenuity and effort
Cesare Beccaria et al (Positivist School); Emile Durkheim etc.
on hedonism and free will (Sociology 325)
Role of socialization, education, social control in mediating
aggressive drives/impulses
Other mediating factors:
Guilt
Embarrassment
Social status/reputation
Fear of outcome
Being observed vs. anonymity (role of crowds) & likelihood to rob,
rape studies
Gender
Culture
Biological Sciences
Aggression is:
Sequence of forceful behaviour which injures
Directed against a living target
Target is motivated to avoid such treatment (victim)
Thus, 3 things in common to be labeled aggression:
1. Behaviour targeted against living thing (person)
2. Intent to harm
3. Reasonable expectation that act will succeed and injure
Biological Sciences ()
This effectively eliminates:
Destructive violence against an object or animal
Unintentional injury in athletic competition
Aggro where no chance of injuring / victimization (i.e.
behind bars, over the phone / Internet)
Thus hostility, assertion, force, intent, target, victimization etc all critical factors
Do aggression & violence differ only by degree (i.e., violence as
strongest manifestation of aggression)
Assertive Behaviour, Hostile Aggression &
Instrumental Aggression
Assertive Behaviour:
Make presence felt; behave assertively
Hostile Aggression:
Primary goal = injury of another human being
Intent = to make victim suffer, cause harm
Reinforcement = pain and suffering
Reactive aggression (John Silva)
Angry aggression (Arnold Buss)
EG. a beanball in baseball (goal)
Instrumental Aggression
Also intended to harm target
Not to observe victims suffering, but to elicit external
reward (intrinsic vs. extrinsic rewards)
Obtaining goal reinforces aggressive act
EG. baseball brush-off pitch, instigate hockey fight
Role of ANGER in hostile and instrumental aggro
Assertive Behaviour
1. No intent to harm
2. Legitimate force
3. Unusual effort and
energy expenditure
Instrumental
Aggression
1. Intent to harm
2. Goal to win
3. No anger
Hostile Aggression
1. Intent to harm
2. Goal to harm
3. Anger
Areas of ambiguity
Do Types of Aggression Overlap
Theories of Aggression
Instinct Theory
Sigmund Freud, Konrad Lorenz, Ethology
Freud: innate, inborn drive (sex, hunger)
Unavoidable, but able to regulate and channel
Need for catharsis
Frustration-aggression hypothesis (John Dollard, Yale
University, 1930s)
Scientific merit
Theories of Aggression
Social Learning Theory (more sociological)
Albert Bandura (social psychology)
Acknowledges the presence of physiological mechanisms
Dismisses notion of instinct or F-A theory
Persons behave aggressively because they have learned to do so
Aggro / violence occur when they are expected often in the absence
of frustration
Subcultural norms (e.g., war, sport, gangs)
Role of media (effects arguments; de-sensitization and distortion)
Age correlates
Gender male preserves; masculinization; female violence
Circular effects, modeling, and circle breaks
Victimology
Branch of criminology
Study of victims of crime
Patterns: offence, location, characteristics of offenders and victims,
relationships between them
Hidden incidence of crime; methodology (victim surveys)
Reciprocal role of provocation, instigation, taunting
Feminist critique
Social policy (support organizations, campaigns, etc.)
Workers rights (Young)
Expanding the definition of Violence/ Aggro to include:
Multiple and varied ways in which persons, animals and property may be
victimized by actions, physically, through threat, or in terms of violations of
their rights and civil liberties
Biological and Psychological Approaches to
Aggression and Violence (see Young Ch.1)
1. Instinct Theory
2. Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
3. Hostile-Instrumental Aggression
4. Catharsis
5. Reversal Theory
Instinct Theory
1. Humans are naturally aggressive; aggression is an innate biological
drive.
2. Humans lack a natural mechanism for inhibiting aggression.
3. It is possible to extrapolate from physical appearance to a
propensity to aggress.
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
1. Aggression is a consequence of frustration.
2. The likelihood and level of aggression are related to the
type and level of frustration.
3. Once the source of aggression is countered, frustration
and thus aggression subside(s).
Hostile Instrumental Aggression
1. Humans use aggression to achieve specific goals.
2. Hostile aggression (or angry aggression) is used
intentionally to inflict harm or damage.
3. Instrumental aggression is used strategically to achieve a
goal other than harming the individual or target.
Catharsis
1. In routine, everyday life, humans accumulate
frustrations.
2. Societies contain channels through which frustrations
may be purged responsibly.
3. In the absence of a socially tolerated safety valve
aggression may worsen and manifest itself more
dangerously.
Reversal Theory
1. Human behaviour is comprised of four motivational
states or conditions: telic-paratelic, conformitynegativism,
master-sympathy, and autic-alloic.
2. Frustration and satiation determine whether the
response will be aggressive or passive.
3. The four meta-motivational states can occur
simultaneously and be switched from one to another
depending on arousal.
Sociological Approaches to Aggression and Violence
(see Young Ch. 1)
1. Social Learning Theory
2. Techniques of Neutralization
3. Subculture of Violence
4. Figurational (Process) Sociology
5. Victimology
6. Sports Ethic
Social Learning Theory
1. Aggression derives not from biological drives, but from
observing and modelling the behaviour of others.
2. Through observation, humans learn how aggression may
be used to perform roles, to construct and confirm identity,
and to collect rewards.
3. Aggression does not serve safety valve, or cathartic,
functions for society.
Techniques of Neutralization
1. Sociological theory must explain not only the structural
causes for crime and violence, but also show how these
causes are translated into action by individuals.
2. Learning how to justify social behaviour is as important
as learning how to do it.
3. Offenders may deny responsibility, injury, or
victimization, condemn the condemners, or appeal to
higher loyalties.
Subculture of Violence
1. Societies contain sub-groups (subcultures) governed by
their own unique rules, norms, and values.
2. Pro-violent subcultures may develop in the general
society or in specific workplaces.
3. Subcultural rules, norms, and values are restricted to,
and contained within, the subcultural setting.
Figurational (Process) Sociology
(Norbert Elias)
1. Social action is the outcome of complex webs of powerimbued
interdependency chains.
2. Since societies generally pacify over time, some forms of
aggression may be understood in terms of the quest for
excitement in relatively unexciting societies.
3. Sport represents a socially acceptable forum for the
controlled de-controlling of emotions.
Victimology
1. Victimization is not only caused by individual actors, but
also by institutions, including workplaces and
governments.
2. Society shows a high tolerance for victimization when it
occurs in autonomous social institutions, such as the
home, work, or sport.
3. Elite/professional athletes should be considered as
workers and provided the sorts of legal protections and
benefits other workplaces offer.
Sports Ethic
1. Athletes and those assessing athletes (e.g., coaches,
administrators, sponsors, and fans) both respect and
reward task-commitment in sport.
2. Identity and status are related to making sacrifices,
striving for distinction, accepting risks, and refusing to
accept limits in the pursuit of winning.
3. Over-conformity to the sports ethic stems from a
widespread sense of anxiety and self-doubt among athletes.
Summary
2 working definitions:
Violence is the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or
actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or
community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in
injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation
(World Health Organization)
Aggression originates in some combination of (1) frustration coupled
with anger, opportunities, stimulus cues, and social support; (2)
strategies used by athletes and encouraged by peers, parents, coaches,
spectators, and sponsors; and (3) definitions of masculinity emphasizing
violence as a basis for becoming a man and being superior to a women
(Jay Coakley, Sport in Society 1998)
From Sports Violence to SRV
Direct acts of physical
violence that may result
in injury to persons or
property
Harmful or potentially
harmful acts in the
context of sport that
threaten or produce
injury or violate human
justices and civil
liberties
Formations of SRV
1. Crowd Violence 2. Player Violence
3. Individualized
Fan-Player Violence
4. Player Violence
away from the Game
5. Dangerous Masculinities /
Street Crimes
6. Women, Aggression & Violence
7. Violence against the Self 8. Athlete Hazing / Initiation
9. Harassment, Stalking & Threat 10. Sexual Assault against Adults & Children
11. Partner Abuse 12. Offences by Coaches / Administrators
13. Parental Abuse 14. Blood & Animal Sports
15. Political Violence / Terrorism 16. Racism
17. Crimes against Workers & the Public 18. Crimes against the Environment
An earlier typology
A linear view of the
subject
CONTEXT ZONE
ACTION
ZONE
POWER
HISTORY CULTURE
Gender /
Sexuality
Age
Biology/
Genetics
Religion
Emotion
Geography/
Population
Media
Race/
Ethnicity
Economy/
Social Class
Education/
SES
Politics
Law
Science/
Technology
Family
Player violence
Crowd
violence Individualized
fan-player violence
Athletes &
street crimes
Player violence
away from the game
Initiation & hazing Harassment,
stalking & threat
Offences by coaches,
administrators & medical staff
Sexism / racism Other identity violence
Animal abuse
Offences against
workers & the public
Offences
against the
environment
Political violence /
terrorism
Parental abuse
Partner abuse/
domestic violence
Sexual Assault
Violence
against the self
The SRV Wheel
The Socio-Genesis of SRV:
A Return to Sociology
Kevin Young
Context I
University of Leicester, UK
(Football Hooliganism, Norbert Elias, Eric Dunning)
Uni- or multi-dimensional SRV
Global SRV
Whats changed in sport/society (Elias, Civilization)
Which dimensions of SRV have been studied
Which dimensions of SRV have been left out
Context II
Violent fans
Violent players
Masculinity-femininity
Role of animals
Subcultures
Terrorism
Policing & security
Media
Risk, pain & injury
Litigation
Hazing
Identities, power & privilege
What is SRV
(a) direct acts of physical violence contained within or
outside the rules of the game that result in injury to
persons, animals, or property, and
(b) harmful or potentially harmful acts conducted in the
context of sport that threaten or produce injury or that
violate human justices and civil liberties.
FORMATIONS OF SRV
1. Player Violence 2. Crowd Violence
3. Individualized
Fan-Player Violence
4. Player Violence
away from the Game
5. Athletes & Street Crimes 6. Violence against the Self
7. Initiation / Hazing 8. Harassment, Stalking & Threat
9. Sexual Assault 10. Partner Abuse &
Domestic Violence
11. Offences by Coaches, Administrators &
Medical Staff
12. Parental Abuse
13. Sexism / Racism 14. Other Identity Violence
15. Animal Abuse 16. Political Violence / Terrorism
17. Offences against Workers & the Public 18. Offences against the Environment
Formations of Sports-Related Violence
A linear view of the
subject matter
CONTEXT ZONE
ACTION
ZONE
POWER
HISTORY CULTURE
Gender /
Sexuality
Age
Biology/
Genetics
Religion
Emotion
Geography/
Population
Media
Race/Ethnicity
Economy/S
ocial Class
Education/
SES
Politics
Law
Science/
Technology
Family
Player violence
Crowd
violence Individualized
fan-player violence
Athletes &
street crimes
Player violence
away from the game
Initiation & hazing Harassment,
stalking & threat
Offences by coaches,
administrators & medical staff
Sexism / racism Other identity violence
Animal abuse
Offences against
workers & the public
Offences
against the
environment
Political violence /
terrorism
Parental abuse
Partner abuse/
domestic violence
Sexual Assault
Violence
against the self
The SRV Wheel
Thinking Relationally (SOCIOLOGICALLY) about SRV
1. Player Violence 2. Crowd Violence
3. Individualized
Fan-Player Violence
4. Player Violence
away from the Game
5. Athletes & Street Crimes 6. Violence against the Self
7. Initiation / Hazing 8. Harassment, Stalking & Threat
9. Sexual Assault 10. Partner Abuse &
Domestic Violence
11. Offences by Coaches, Administrators &
Medical Staff
12. Parental Abuse
13. Sexism / Racism 14. Other Identity Violence
15. Animal Abuse 16. Political Violence / Terrorism
17. Offences against Workers & the Public 18. Offences against the Environment
Formations of Sports-Related Violence
Examples:
College hazing
(4, 5, 7, 9, 17, 11)
Gymnast eating disorder (6,
11, 12)
IOC bomb
(2, 5, 16, 17, 18)
NHL Post-event riot
(2, 5, 17, 9)
Lance Armstrong
(4, 5, 6, 8,11,17)
An Eye on SRV:
The Role of the Media
Active vs. passive media
Legitimation & de-legitimation
Journalistic rules of relevance
Actuality news
Economic & time constraints
Professional ethics & public responsibility
A Masculinist occupational culture
A new media-public interface
Towards a more responsible media
Learning lessons: Once bitten, twice shy
Stratified SRV: Stasis & Change
If there is one unique feature that sets war apart from all other
sociological phenomena, this must be its staggering gender
asymmetry
Sinisa Malesevic, Sociology, UCD, 2010
SRV & Gender Explanations
(1) Player Violence a Proving Ground
Eric Dunning: Badge of Honour
Mike Messner & Don Sabo: Pain Principle
Joe Dubbert: Masculinity Validation
Bob (Raewyn) Connell: Hegemonic Masculinity
2) Role of Legal Authorities
What the case law indicates
EFFECTS 1. Sports leagues/clubs carte blanche
2. Consolidate notions of hegemonic masculinity
SRV & Gender Rites
The Counterproductive Menace of Masculinity
Men victimizing women
Men victimizing men
Outcomes of Sport Machismo: A Graveyard of Broken Men
How do Females Fit In
Conclusion I:
An Elusive Subject Matter
Trust & fear: gag orders & subcultural codes
NA SCD
Hazing
Athletes blowing whistles (the code)
Animal sports (Goffmanian front & back regions)
Into the den of the (shell-shocked) dinosaur
Conclusion II:
Reasons to Feel Pessimistic
Integrity of sport
Power & greed
Hubris & entitlement of players
Pandering of fans, media, authorities & courts
Tokenistic policing
Elasticity of sport
Decivilizing Spurts & Thresholds of Repugnance
Conclusion III:
Reasons to Feel Optimistic
A more circumspect, accountable, transparent & responsible
sport
Public dialogue & changes to top-down media
Fan opposition
Legal intervention & sustainable justice
Thoughtful & inclusive jurisdictional changes
Leisure choices
Civilizing trends & Thresholds of Repugnance
7.
RGD targeted delivery systems as anticancer treatment strategy
Below are the main points the writer should consider for creating the whole of the review based thesis including abstract, materials/methods, discussion, conclusion and references (many references at the end, 30-50 references at least) , and I need the sources of materials used at the end.
The main subject is : “RGD based targeted drug delivery systems in cancer Chemotherapy and cancer treatment”.
The following points must be referred and expanded while writing the thesis:
What is integrin and what are its subtypes To what receptors it is related to and upond its activation what happens
Where integrins are found
functions of integrins
To what ligands integrin binds
Intracellular functions of Integrins
Integrins and other RGD based receptors, what happens to them in case of cancer or metastasis, or related diseases
How Integrin mediated signalling pathway works
RGD applications in tumor therapy and chemotherapeutics
Structure, activation and interactions related to integrins
Overall, how RGD or its related mechanisms can be used in the treatment of cancer What may be its potential uses in Pharmacy or medicine in the future
___________The following points must be referred and expanded while writing the thesis:
What is integrin and what are its subtypes To what receptors it is related to and upond its activation what happens
Where integrins are found
functions of integrins
To what ligands integrin binds
Intracellular functions of Integrins
Integrins and other RGD based receptors, what happens to them in case of cancer or metastasis, or related diseases
How Integrin mediated signalling pathway works
RGD applications in tumor therapy and chemotherapeutics
Structure, activation and interactions related to integrins
Overall, how RGD or its related mechanisms can be used in the treatment of cancer What may be its potential uses in Pharmacy or medicine in the future
