Question description
Assignment 2: Current Events and U.S. DiplomacyDue Week 9 and worth 175 pointsThis paper will be a revised and expanded version of the first research paper. Based on your instructor’s feedback, you will first revise the first paper. Write three-to-four (3-4) new pages that address the following:Define presidential doctrine and summarize the regional or global events during the Cold War leading up to the formation of the presidential doctrine you wrote about in Assignment 1. Select one country you wrote about in Assignment 1 and describe the Cold War relationship that existed between the country you selected and the U.S. before the presidential doctrine was announced. Describe the relationship that currently exists between the U.S. and the country you selected in section (2) above. Describe the effect that the presidential doctrine has had on regional or global affairs since it was announced during the Cold War.Assess whether or not the presidential doctrine you wrote about in Assignment 1 doctrine had had the intended effect of altering the behavior of the country you selected in section (2) above since the doctrine was first announced. Use at least four (4) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources. To help you understand this assignment further, the following description and examples may be useful.Step 1: Define doctrine and identify why a president would want to announce one. A doctrine is an ideological platform that a president uses to advance a policy towards a country or region in order to accomplish foreign policy goals for the United States, so you will need to expand on this theme. Refer back to Assignment 1, and build on whatever doctrine you wrote about then. Say, for example, you selected the Truman Doctrine. Therefore, this is the only thing you will write about in Assignment 2 step 1. Step 2: Select one country you wrote about in Assignment 1 and describe the Cold War relationship that existed between it and the U.S. Before the presidential doctrine was announced. In the case of Truman, you would pick either the Soviet Union, Greece, or Iran, since all three were affected by his doctrine. If you are writing about the Eisenhower Doctrine, you would choose Lebanon or Egypt; if you wrote about the Kennedy Doctrine, you would have write about Cuba or Vietnam; if your wrote about the Nixon Doctrine, you would choose either Vietnam, Saudi مساعدة التعيين – خدمة كتابة المقالات من قبل كبار الكتاب العرب, Arabia or Iran; if you chose Carter, you would select either Iran or Afghanistan; and if you wrote about the Reagan Doctrine, you would select Nicaragua, Angola, Russia or Afghanistan (although there were several others). Step 3: Describe what effect the presidential doctrine you chose has had on regional or global affairs since it was announced during the Cold War. That is, how did the doctrine change the status quo regionally or globally after it was announced by the U.S.? What happened in Western Europe after the Truman Doctrine was announced? What happened in the Middle East after the Eisenhower Doctrine was announced? What happened with Cuba or Vietnam after Kennedy offered up his doctrine of flexible response? What happened in Southeast Asia or the Persian Gulf after the Nixon Doctrine went in effect? What happened in the Middle East after the Carter Doctrine was announced? What happened in Central America or Africa or the Middle East after Reagan announced his doctrine? Step 4: Refer back to the country you selected in step two and describe the relationship that currently exists between the U.S. and that country. How has the relationship changed between the U.S. and that country since the doctrine was announced? Step 5: Evaluate whether or not the presidential doctrine had had the intended effect of altering the behavior of the one country you selected in section (2) above since the doctrine was first announced. Your assignment must:Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:Identify the cultural, economic, and political context of information resources, and interpret information in light of that context.Use technology and information resources to research issues in international problems.Write clearly and concisely about international problems using proper writing mechanics
According to Norton, Sheriff, Et al, (2011), presidential
doctrines are basically the attitudes, stances or attitudes for The United
States of America foreign affairs plan by presidents. However, most of these
presidential doctrines were related to cold war. After the cold war a leading
basis during President Kennedy years, there was a need to cover communism at
any cost. Kennedy called upon for military unison and strength to curb
communism. Another main theme in this doctrine was basically to control
international system events simply because the United States of America had the
power and ability to do so.
In addition, the Kennedy Doctrine was fundamentally an
extension of the foreign policy privileges of the earlier presidencies of Harry
S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower. All these presidents’ foreign policies
rotated around communism threats including the means that would be used to
cover up the spread of it by the United States.
According to
McCormick, (1995), The Eisenhower Doctrine concentrated upon providing both
economic and military support to nations fighting communism within the Middle
East and by aggregating the trade flow into Latin America from the United
States while the Truman Doctrine concentrated on the repression of communism by
offering support to nations repelling communism in Europe. On the other hand, The Kennedy Doctrine was
grounded on similar goals but was extra apprehensive with communism spreading
and Soviet inspiration in Latin America after the Cuban upheaval that got Fidel
Castro to authority in the 1950s under Eisenhower.
After Fidel Castro took power in Cuba, the relationship
between Cuba and the United States of America the relationship between the two
nations started deteriorating reaching to a climax when President Dwight D.
Eisenhower closed severs diplomatic relations and the American embassy that was
situated in Havana, Cuba (Domínguez, 1997). However, this was a great signal to
Cuba that America was now ready to take extreme actions against Castro’s
regime, which was seen by the officials from the United States to be a lodgment
of communism within the western hemisphere.
After a series of increasing conflicts between United
States and Cuban governments they later parted, and that is the time that Fidel
Castro turned for assistance from the United States ultimate enemy and rival,
the Soviet Union. However, the alliance between Cuba and Soviet Union was the
main reason that America saw Castro threat to their security and that was
evident during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Additionally, Che Guevara, Castro
and other influential leaders encouraged and supported revolt all through
Africa and Latin America (Domínguez, 1997).
Castro’s regime by 1960, had grabbed private land,
state-owned hundreds of private companies, comprising numerous local affiliates
of U.S. organizations and overtaxed United States of American products that
United States exports were split in just two years. This greatly affected the
United States economy and that’s why President Eisenhower Government reacted by
executing trade limitations on everything excluding medical supplies and food.
According to Litwak, (2000), on Feb. 7, 1962 President
Kennedy issued the perpetual restriction, this was after he shipped in 1,200
cigars from Cuba. Within several years Cuba’s economy was deteriorating since
America was not trading with them and due to the fact that they always depended
on products made in America. Decrease in food consumption, televisions and
Telephones were not available, importing cars from America was very hard hence
affected their economy as they observed their pre-restricted vehicles erode
into rattletraps. The relationship between the United States of America and
Cuban governments can be summarized by just a few words “Great enemies” simply
because Cuban government had become too anti-American to be trusted.
For more than five decades or bad relationship, President
Barack Obama of the United States and Cuban President Raul Castro officially
announce that the both governments would reinstate complete diplomatic, on
December, 2014. This was made successful by the secret talks between the Cuban
and United States officials that took at least eighteen months; this was
followed by release of foreign prisoners from both countries by both countries.
On July, 2015, both nations in each other’s capitals they revived their
embassies successfully reinstating full diplomatic relations.
On this month, Jan 2016, trade and new travel regulations
were legislated that permit United States travelers to officially visit Cuba
deprived of attaining a government license first. Travellers will be permitted
to spend money on both countries and also airlines will be allowed to offer the
country services. The new rules will favor economic transactions by removing
economic sanctions.
Although, Cuba had remained strong and hence resisted the
United States within a very tough and long period of time, President Kennedy’s
doctrine dealt with this case strongly. His statesmanship skills led to a
remarkable success of America over Cuba rebellion. The economy in the United States
improved as the Cuban economy deteriorated due to retaliatory restriction that
was executed on Cuban people who were already suffering.
According to Wright, (2001), after the humanitarian and
cultural relationship between the people of United States and Cuban people was
outlawed, the people of Cuban continued to suffer as United States curtailed
the trade between the two nations, lack of enough food, poor medical services
deteriorated their health. On the other hand, the successful Cuban missile
crisis in 1977, weaken the Cuban government making the United States remain
strong and tough to the poor Cuba.
However, it is clear that the two nations would benefit
from trading together, the trade restrictions did not have a great impact to
the entrenched government of Cuba, and it harmed the innocent citizens of Cuba
while the embedded bureaucrats uphold normal living standards as the citizens
of Cuba continue to suffer.
Cuba had become one of great United States territorial
importance, American government had to work faster so as to invade and capture
their territories, and hence this remains the main reason as to why Kennedy’s
doctrine was executed. Communism that was faster spreading within the Latin
America was basically a threat to the United States simply because it would
automatically tear apart a crucial influence sphere in the Caribbean (Freedman,
2000).
Kennedy’s government feared that Cuba would grow strong
from the support they got from Soviet Union and thus communism regime would
gradually expand and grow strong even within the neighboring nations. So the
main aim of this doctrine was for the United States to basically expand its
territories to Cuba.
References
Domínguez,
J. I. (1997). US‐Cuban
Relations: From the Cold War to the Colder War. Journal of Interamerican
Studies and World Affairs, 39(3), 49-75.
Freedman,
L. (2000). Kennedy’s Wars: Berlin, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam. Oxford
University Press, USA.
https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/12/17/fact-sheet-charting-new-course-cuba
Litwak,
R. (2000). Rogue states and US foreign policy: containment after the Cold
War. Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
McCormick,
T. J. (1995). America’s half-century: United States foreign policy in the
cold war and after. JHU Press.
Norton,
M. B., Sheriff, C., Blight, D. W., & Chudacoff, H. (2011). A People
and a Nation: A History of the United States, Volume II: Since 1865 (Vol.
2). Cengage Learning.
Wright,
T. C. (2001). Latin America in the era of the Cuban Revolution. Greenwood
Publishing Group.
