An Advance Care Directive (‘Living Will’) is a written statement regarding someone’s wishes for their future health care. An Advance Care Directive can be made by anyone who has the capacity to do so. An Advance Care Directive is only used if, at some poi
Order Description
2000 words
20 references using APA
ESSAY QUESTION
An Advance Care Directive (‘Living Will’) is a written statement regarding someone’s wishes for their future health care. An Advance Care Directive can be made by anyone who has the capacity to do so. An Advance Care Directive is only used if, at some point in the future, the person becomes incapable of making health care decisions for themselves (due to illness or injury) (Advance Care Directives, 2014).
Health care professionals are required to respect patients choices and gain consent (or, at least, assent) prior to providing treatment or care. They are also required to respect patient confidentiality
USING THE ETHICS
DISCUSS THE ETHICAL ISSUE OF INFORMED CONSENT IN RELATION TO THE FOLLOWING
• What are the features of a valid (legal) consent; and how does this relate to an advanced care directive
• Why does it matter ethically speaking that a patient’s choice be respected Are there any expectations to the requirement to respect patient’s choices
• Is Paternalism ever ethically justified in the provision of heath care
• What is the role of the HCP in relation to advocacy for a patient’s wishes and in particular when an advance care directive is present
• What are the legal and professional frameworks that guide a health care professional’s practice in Australia
YOU NEED TO ANSWER THE QUESTION FROM TWO PERSPECTIVES
Consider the above question from:
1. the point of view of a nurse prospective.
2. the perspective of another health care team member- any HCP including a DR
Respond to this question by:
1. drawing on what you have studied in this unit for example: relevant codes of conduct, ethics and practice and laws, theories, ethical concepts, principles and values
FEATURES OF A VALID AND LEGAL CONSENT
What are the features of a valid (legal) consent; and how does this relate to an advanced care directive
Briefly outline what the features of a valid legal consent are – do not list- 2-3 sentences
Review what advanced care directives are
Consider the following questions:
What is an ACD – define it, is it a legal document
Does an ACD constitute valid legal consent
Are there any circumstances that this might pose an ethical dilemma for a HCP – (you could possibly use this as an opportunity to include some discussion around an example from your own clinical area(mental health) and then compare this from another HCP clinical area )
Are there any legal ramifications or considerations a HCP needs to consider
RESPECTING PATIENTS CHOICES
Why does it matter ethically speaking that a patient’s choice be respected Are there any expectations to the requirement to respect patient’s choices
First part:
• Using frameworks and concepts covered in this unit (international and national) discuss why it is ethical to respect patients choices
• In responding to this also draw on an appropriate ethical theory to explain your reasoning. –
Second part:
Consider and give an example(s) of when we might not respect a patients wishes (this is another opportunity to provide a contrast for your own speciality and another HCPs perspective) – What do we call it when we make a decision in the best interests of someone else You may choose to discuss this here and/or refer to this and use as a link to the next section.
Can you define it and briefly include this in your discussion around this aspect of the question
PATERNALISM
Is Paternalism ever ethically justified in the provision of heath care
Define paternalism – what is this and when might it be used
What sorts of HC situations might justify doing this
Homework help – Discuss this from your own specialty perspective and another HCPs perspective.
Would it make a difference if there was an ACD in place Include some discussion around this
Draw on ethical principles and other theories and HCP professional frameworks to critically analysis this section of the question.
ROLE OF HCP IN INFORMED DECISION MAKING
What is the role of the HCP in relation to advocacy for a patient’s wishes and in particular when an advance care directive is present
What professional and ethical frameworks inform HCP ethical decision making
How might a HCP advocate for a patient’s wishes when there is a ACD in place – think laterally – what might happen if the family disagree for example in organ donation OR with resuscitation OR with turning off a life support machine –
Include where possible some perspectives for your own clinical area and another HCPs perspective
FRAMEWORKS
What are the legal and professional frameworks that guide a health care professional’s practice in Australia
Students are encouraged to embed understandings about legal, professional and ethical frameworks that inform HCP ethical decision making throughout the essay.
Avoid having one paragraph that talks about frameworks on its own. The risk with doing this is that you may inadvertently not apply them appropriately or link them to the rest of your paper. The essay may seem disjointed then.
Remember – some frameworks are both national and international so this means UDHR, Codes of conduct, National laws and International laws if appropriate to the examples you choose to include. Charters; Ethical theories are also frameworks to help you make a decision
Introduction 200 words approx.
Clearly state what you are going to discuss and how you plan to discuss it e.g.
This essay will discuss informed consent and the role of a HCP when caring for a patient/client who has an advanced care/health directive in place. The essay will begin by …..it will then……
OR
Start with a definition of a significant term: Paternalism, Informed consent, and then outline what you will discuss
Or similar …
NOTE: in your introduction you need to state what two perspectives you will discuss this essay from- e.g. exampleas a nurse. It is ok to use several perspectives!
BODY
The body of your essay will have several paragraph’s amounting to 1,500 words approx.
You will split the word allowance up into paragraphs. Each paragraph may have anywhere between 350-500 words per paragraph approximately. – this depends on what you decide to talk about.
Each paragraph should progressively answer each part of the essay
BODY CONT
The essay should flow from one set of ideas to the next and there needs to be a link to the next paragraph.
AVOID SEGMENTING THE ESSAY BY RIGIDLY & NARROWLY ANSWERING EACH DOT POINT AS SET OUT IN THE QUESTION- this will make the essay feel disjointed.
Use the unpacking of essay slides provided earlier in this presentation to get an idea of what you will talk about in the body of the essay
CONCLUSION
The conclusion -300wds approx.
In two –three sentences summarise with you have discussed. – THIS IS NOT A RECOUNT
Then provide overarching statements that provide the reader the most important take home messages regarding the concepts you have been talking about in your essay.
Please note the words per section are only provided as a guide- the student can set out the essay however they wish and apportion words depending on how they decide to structure the essay.
USEFUL LINKS
Slater & Gordon Health and Law
Choice Australia ACD
Consent
https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/mauriceblackburn.com.au/about/media-centre/newsletters/medical-law/autumn-2012/legal-aspects-of-consent-to-treatment
The essay should discussion should include reference to: National and international ethical frameworks; Professional Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct & Position Statements; Relevant Australian State or Federal laws that are applicable to the issue of consent; Ethical dilemmas that the health professional may face in the area of consent of patients/clients/populations in their practice and the health professional’s responses and ethical theories and/or principles that underpins practice.
THIS IS MY MARKING CRITERIA TO GET HIGH DISTINTION
Focus and Introductory Statement (10 Marks)
Consent and the two professional groups are presented in the introduction. There is a clear introduction that outlines the topic, and contextualises and profiles the scope, content and the sequence of the essay topic.
Sequencing (10 Marks)
Logical sequencing of ideas and overall flow of the essay as a professional piece of work. The content in the essay matches the outline presented in the introductory paragraph. Paragraphs are organised in a logical manner so that content flows from one paragraph to the next, and the essay ends with a rational conclusion.
Closing Paragraph/ Conclusion (10 Marks)
Consent and the two professional groups are presented in the conclusion. There is a concluding paragraph which restates the topic, provides a summary which connects all of the key points, and presents an overall conclusion.
Content, Evidence and Examples (20 Marks)
Self-directed research from relevant contemporary academic journals and other professional literature. This is in addition to the resources provided in the Assessment #3 HTML page in the HLSC 220 LEO unit. The content is relevant to the topic as described in the unit outline assessment descriptor. High quality evidence and examples are presented.
Critical Thinking, Reasoning and Evaluation of the Evidence (20 Marks)
Present this evidence with direct connection and citation of the selected two professional interview transcripts. Connection to the area of consent of patients/clients/populations and the health professional’s response is required. Moves critical reasoning and understandings to a higher level, beyond simple citations Critical thinking is at an advanced level. An ethical and interprofessional argument is presented, and is supported by adequate and appropriate evidence.
Structuring an Argument (10 Marks)
Articulation of a critical argument using ethical theory and professional frameworks relevant to both professions– including comparisons/difference
A clear, well-constructed and balanced ethical and interprofessional argument has been presented
Sources and Referencing (10 Marks)
Evidence of quality evidence based resources taken from unit outline/ unit resources and independent research. Presents in accordance with APA referencing
Credible and relevant references are used. Accurate use of APA 6th edition referencing style on most occasions. A range of in-text citations has been used.
Mechanics – Grammar, Spelling and Punctuation (10 Marks)
English written expression follows conventions of academic written expression. There are no errors with grammar, spelling and punctuation, and the meaning is easily discernible.
