IEEE Referencing Style
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) citation style is mainly used in publications in engineering, electronics, and other technical fields such as computer science and telecommunications. Citations in the IEEE style uses numbered references in square brackets [x] located within the text of the document. These numbered references provide the basis upon which the entries containing full detailed references are made at the end of the document. Like many other styles, sources used in the IEEE style must be presented in in-text citations and a reference list.
In-text citation in the IEEE style
In-text citation allows a writer to acknowledge the work and ideas of other writers by citing their source within the text of the manuscript. Whenever you quote or paraphrase information from the work of another writer, you must cite that source using a reference number that is bound by square brackets. The reference numbers are presented starting from [1] following the numerical order. Therefore, if the first source is [1], the second source will be [2] and so forth. However, when using a source more than one time, ensure to use the same reference number which you assigned the first time. The enclosed numbers are placed just before the punctuation that concludes the relevant sentence.
Example:
As described by Jones [4] …
When citing multiple authors, insert commas between the citation numbers after the brackets, as shown below.
As has been noted by scholars [2], [6], [18], [20], nanotechnology is a complex field.
In some cases, when citing specific parts of a source within the text, insert a comma after the reference number, and add the page or chapter number as shown below.
Higher temperatures resulted in increased colonization [3, 54].
The Reference List
The reference lists itemizes all the sources used in the paper. The list must correspond to the in-text citations provided within your document. The entries are presented numerically, beginning with [1] and continuing in the ascending numerical order from the lowest to the highest as they appear in your text using the exact numbers you assigned them. The list is presented at the end of the document on a separate page and titled “References.”
For instance, the entry when citing a book should follow the basic format below.
Name of author(S), the title of the chapter in the book, Tittle of the published book, edition, city of the publisher, name of the publisher in abbreviations, year of publishing, page number.
Example
[2] L. Stein, “Random patterns,” in Computers and You, J. S. Brake, Ed. New York: Wiley, 1994, pp. 55-70.
When citing more than three authors, cite the first three authors followed by “et al.”

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